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julho 10, 2019

Nous les Arbres na Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, França

Réunissant une communauté d’artistes, de botanistes et de philosophes, la Fondation Cartier pour l’art contemporain se fait l’écho des plus récentes recherches scientifiques qui portent sur les arbres un regard renouvelé.

[scroll down for English version]

Organisée autour de plusieurs grands ensembles d’œuvres, l’exposition Nous les Arbres laisse entendre les voix multiples de ceux qui ont développé, à travers leur parcours esthétique ou scientifique, un lien fort et intime avec les arbres, et qui mettent en lumière la beauté et la richesse biologique de ces grands protagonistes du monde vivant aujourd’hui massivement menacés.

Après avoir été longtemps sous-évalués par la biologie, les arbres - comme l’ensemble du règne végétal - ont fait l’objet, ces dernières décennies, de découvertes scientifiques qui permettent de porter un nouveau regard sur ces plus anciens membres de la communauté des vivants. Capacités sensorielles, aptitude à la communication, développement d’une mémoire, symbiose avec d’autres espèces et influence climatique: la révélation de ces facultés invite à émettre l’hypothèse fascinante d’une « intelligence végétale » qui pourrait apporter des éléments de réponse à bien des défis environnementaux actuels. En résonance avec cette « révolution végétale », l’exposition Nous les Arbres croise les réflexions d’artistes et de chercheurs, prolongeant ainsi l’exploration des questions écologiques et de la relation de l’homme à la nature, qui habite régulièrement la programmation de la Fondation Cartier, comme ce fut le cas récemment avec Le Grand Orchestre des Animaux (2016).

Réunissant des dessins, peintures, photographies, films et installations d’artistes d’Amérique latine, d’Europe, des Etats-Unis, mais également d’Iran, ou encore de communautés indigènes comme les Nivaklé et Guaranídu Gran Chaco, au Paraguay, ainsi que les Indiens Yanomami qui vivent au cœur de la forêt amazonienne, le parcours de l’exposition, rythmé par plusieurs grands ensembles d’œuvres, déroule trois fils narratifs: celui de la connaissance des arbres – de la botanique à la nouvelle biologie végétale – ; celui de leur esthétique – de la contemplation naturaliste à la transposition onirique – ; celui enfin de leur dévastation - du constat documentaire au témoignage artistique.

Orchestré avec l’anthropologue Bruce Albert, qui accompagne la curiosité de la Fondation Cartier depuis l’exposition Yanomami, l’esprit de la forêt (2003), le projet s’articule autour de la présence de personnalités qui ont développé une relation singulière aux arbres – qu'elle soit intellectuelle, scientifique ou esthétique. Ainsi, le botaniste Stefano Mancuso, pionnier de la neuro-biologie végétale et défenseur de la notion d’intelligence des plantes, cosigne avec Thijs Biersteker, une installation qui « donne la parole » aux arbres et qui, grâce à une série de capteurs, révèle leur réaction à l’environnement ou à la pollution, le phénomène de la photosynthèse, la communication racinaire ou l’idée d’une mémoire végétale, rendant visible l’invisible. Au nombre également de ces grandes figures qui construisent le propos de l’exposition, le botaniste-voyageur Francis Hallé, dont les carnets de planches conjuguent l’émerveillement du dessinateur face aux arbres et la précision de l’intime connaissance du végétal, se fait le témoin de la rencontre entre la science et le sensible. Au cœur de la pensée de l’exposition, la relation de l’homme et de l’arbre devient le sujet du film de Raymond Depardon qui brosse, à travers les mots de ceux qui les côtoient, le portrait de ces platanes ou de ces chênes qui ombragent les places des villages et auxquels sont associés nombre de souvenirs des plus personnels aux plus historiques. Artiste-semeur – il a planté quelques 300 000 graines d’arbres dans sa vallée vendéenne -, Fabrice Hyber offre, dans ses toiles, une observation poétique et personnelle du monde végétal, interrogeant les principes de croissance en rhizome, d’énergie et de mutation, de mobilité et de métamorphose. Guidé davantage par l’esthétique d’une collecte intuitive que par la recherche d’une rigueur scientifique, l’artiste brésilien Luis Zerbini compose, quant à lui, des paysages luxuriants, organisant la rencontre imaginaire d’arbres empruntés à des jardins botaniques tropicaux et de signes d’une modernité urbaine. A cette exubérance picturale répond l’inventaire conceptuel et systématique de l’architecte Cesare Leonardi qui dresse, avec la complicité de Franca Stagi, une typologie des arbres, de leurs ombres et de leur variations chromatiques, en un précieux corpus réuni en vue de la conception de parcs urbains. Les silhouettes fantomatiques des grands arbres de Johanna Calle évoquent, avec poésie et délicatesse, la fragilité de ces géants menacés par une déforestation irréversible. Au drame de la destruction des grands espaces forestiers de la planète, évoqué notamment par le film EXIT des architectes Diller Scofidio + Renfro, succède l’univers onirique de la cinéaste paraguayenne Paz Encina qui propose une image intériorisée de l’arbre comme refuge de la mémoire et de l’enfance.

Prolongement naturel de l’exposition, le jardin, créé en 1994, par l’artiste Lothar Baumgarten pour la Fondation Cartier, invite à une flânerie au contact des arbres qui, comme le majestueux cèdre du Liban, planté par Chateaubriand en 1823, ont inspiré à Jean Nouvel une architecture de reflets et de transparence, qui joue sur le dialogue entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur, et fait naître des « émotions furtives ». Niché dans la végétation en un double discret de la nature, gardant sur son tronc la trace de la main de l’artiste, l’arbre de bronze de Giuseppe Penone a trouvé sa place dans le jardin de la Fondation Cartier, qui accueille à l’occasion de l’exposition la sculpture qu’Agnès Varda avait spécialement imaginée pour ce projet. Enfin, à l’automne, le Theatrum Botanicum deviendra, le temps d’une semaine, le support naturel d’une installation-vidéo réalisée par Tony Oursler.

Rendant à l’arbre la place que l’anthropocentrisme lui avait soustraite, Nous les Arbres réunit les témoignages, artistiques ou scientifiques, de ceux qui portent sur le monde végétal un regard émerveillé et qui nous révèlent que, selon la formule du philosophe Emanuele Coccia, « il n’y a rien de purement humain, il y a du végétal dans tout ce qui est humain, il y a de l’arbre à l’origine de toute expérience ».

Artistes et contributeurs de l’exposition: Efacio Álvarez, Herman Álvarez, Fernando Allen, Fredi Casco, Claudia Andujar, Eurides Asque Gómez, Thijs Biersteker, José Cabral, Johanna Calle, Jorge Carema, Alex Cerveny, Raymond Depardon, Claudine Nougaret, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Mark Hansen, Laura Kurgan, Ben Rubin, Robert Gerard Pietrusko, Ehuana Yaira, Paz Encina, Charles Gaines, Francis Hallé, Fabrice Hyber, Joseca, Clemente Juliuz, Kalepi, Salim Karami, Mahmoud Khan, Angélica Klassen, Esteban Klassen, George Leary Love, Cesare Leonardi, Franca Stagi, Stefano Mancuso, Sebastián Mejía, Ógwa, Marcos Ortiz, Tony Oursler, Giuseppe Penone, Santídio Pereira, Nilson Pimenta, Osvaldo Pitoe, Miguel Rio Branco, Afonso Tostes, Agnès Varda, Adriana Varejão, Cássio Vasconcellos, Luiz Zerbini

Commissaires: Bruce Albert, Hervé Chandès et Isabelle Gaudefroy
Commissaires associées: Hélène Kelmachter et Marie Perennes
Chargée de projets: Juliette Lecorne


Bringing together a community of artists, botanists, and philosophers, the Fondation Cartier pour l’art contemporain echoes the latest scientific research that sheds new light on trees. Organized around several large ensembles of works, the exhibition Trees gives voice to numerous figures who, through their aesthetic or scientific journey, have developed a strong, intimate link with trees, thereby revealing the beauty and biological wealth of these great protagonists of the living world, threatened today with large-scale deforestation.

Underestimated by biology for a long time, trees—like the entirety of the plant kingdom—have been the subject of scientific discoveries in recent years that have allowed us to see the oldest members of our community of living beings in a new light. Boasting sensory and memory capacities, as well as communication skills, existing in symbiosis with other species and exerting a climatic influence, trees are equipped with unexpected faculties whose discovery has given way to the fascinating hypothesis of “plant intelligence,” which could be the answer to many of today’s environmental problems. In resonance with this “plant revolution,” the exhibition Trees merges the ideas of artists and researchers, thus prolonging the exploration of ecological issues and the question of humans’ relationship to nature, which has been a regular theme in the Fondation Cartier’s exhibition program, as was the case recently with The Great Animal Orchestra (2016).

Featuring drawings, paintings, photographs, films, and installations by artists from Latin America, Europe, the United States, Iran, and from indigenous communities such as the Nivaclé and Guaraní from Gran Chaco, Paraguay, as well as the Yanomami Indians who live in the heart of the Amazonian forest, the exhibit, punctuated by several large ensembles, explores three narrative threads. Firstly, our knowledge of trees—from botany to new plant biology—; secondly, aesthetics—from naturalistic contemplation to dreamlike transposition—; and lastly, trees’ current devastation recounted via documentary observations and pictorial testimonies.

Orchestrated with anthropologist Bruce Albert, who has accompanied the Fondation Cartier’s inquisitive exploration of such themes since the exhibition Yanomami, Spirit of the Forest (2003), the project revolves around a number of individuals who have developed a unique relationship with trees, whether intellectual, scientific or aesthetic. For example, the botanist Stefano Mancuso, a pioneer of plant neurobiology and advocate of the concept of plant intelligence, has collaborated with Thijs Biersteker to create an installation that “gives voice” to trees, and through a series of sensors, reveals their reaction to the environment and pollution, as well as the phenomenon of photosynthesis, root communication, and the idea of plant memory, thus making the invisible visible. Another of the great figures who has played a role in constructing the exhibition is traveling botanist Francis Hallé, whose notebooks display both the artist’s wonder at trees and the precision of an in-depth knowledge of plants. His work is a testimony of the encounter between science and sensibility. At the heart of the exhibition lies a reflection on the relationship between humans and trees, which is also the subject of Raymond Depardon’s film. It paints the portrait of the plane trees and oaks that shade village squares through the words of those who are familiar with them, and to which many memories, ranging from the highly personal to the historical, are connected. Artist and sower, Fabrice Hyberhas planted some 300,000 tree seeds in his valley in Vendée, and offers a poetic and personal observation of the plant world in his paintings, questioning the principles of rhizome growth, energy and mutation, mobility and metamorphosis. Guided more by the aesthetics of an intuitive collection than by a search for scientific rigor, Brazilian artist Luiz Zerbini, on the other hand, composes lush landscapes, organizing the imaginary meeting of trees, borrowed from tropical botanical gardens, and the markers of urban modernity. To this pictorial exuberance responds the conceptual and systematic inventory elaborated by architect Cesare Leonardi, in collaboration with Franca Stagi: a typology of trees, their shades and chromatic variations, in a precious corpus compiled for the purposes of the design of urban parks. The ghostly silhouettes of Johanna Calle’s tall trees evoke with poetry and delicacy, the fragility of these giants threatened by irreversible deforestation. The drama of the destruction of the world’s great forests, conveyed in particular by the film EXIT by architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, comes after the dreamlike world of Paraguayan film-maker Paz Encina who offers an internalized image of the tree as a refuge for memory and childhood.

The garden of the Fondation Cartier, a natural extension of the exhibition, was created in 1994 by artist Lothar Baumgarten. The public are invited to stroll through the trees which, like the majestic Lebanese cedar planted by Chateaubriand in 1823, inspired Jean Nouvel to create an architecture of reflections and transparency, playing on the dialogue between inside and outside, and giving rise to “fleeting emotions.”

Nestled in the vegetation, a discreet double of nature, retaining the trace of the artist’s hand on its trunk, Giuseppe Penone’s bronze tree sculpture finds its place in the garden of the Fondation Cartier. Also on display is a sculpture by Agnès Varda, specially imagined for this project. Finally, for a week in the fall, the Theatrum Botanicum will become the natural support of a video installation by Tony Oursler.

The exhibition Trees restores the tree to the place from which it had been stripped by anthropocentrism. It brings together the testimonies, both artistic and scientific, of those capable of looking at the vegetal world with wonder and who show us, to quote philosopher Emanuele Coccia: “There is nothing purely human, the vegetal exists in all that is human, and the tree is at the origin of all experience.”

Artists and contributors of the exhibition: Efacio Álvarez, Herman Álvarez, Fernando Allen, Fredi Casco, Claudia Andujar, Eurides Asque Gómez, Thijs Biersteker, José Cabral, Johanna Calle, Jorge Carema, Alex Cerveny, Raymond Depardon, Claudine Nougaret, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Mark Hansen, Laura Kurgan, Ben Rubin, Robert Gerard Pietrusko, Ehuana Yaira, Paz Encina, Charles Gaines, Francis Hallé, Fabrice Hyber, Joseca, Clemente Juliuz, Kalepi, Salim Karami, Mahmoud Khan, Angélica Klassen, Esteban Klassen, George Leary Love, Cesare Leonardi, Franca Stagi, Stefano Mancuso, Sebastián Mejía, Ógwa, Marcos Ortiz, Tony Oursler, Giuseppe Penone, Santídio Pereira, Nilson Pimenta, Osvaldo Pitoe, Miguel Rio Branco, Afonso Tostes, Agnès Varda, Adriana Varejão, Cássio Vasconcellos, Luiz Zerbini

Curators: Bruce Albert, Hervé Chandès, Isabelle Gaudefroy
Associate Curators: Hélène Kelmachter, Marie Perennes
Project Coordinator: Juliette Lecorne

Posted by Patricia Canetti at 1:30 PM